Analysis of heat transfer coefficient in radiator cooling system using TiO2/CuO hybrid fluid

Abstract

The automotive industry is growing, encouraging more efficient car cooling systems, especially radiators. Innovations are constantly being made to improve the performance of radiators. Choosing the correct fluid is one of the ways to increase heat transfer. This study aimed to compare the performance of coolant OBC and TiO₂/CuO hybrid fluid mixed with coolant OBC to investigate the increase in heat transfer in the car's radiator. The first step is to make TiO₂/CuO hybrid fluid with a two-step method, with volume fraction variations of 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0%, and observe stability for 30 days. Viscosity and thermal conductivity tests are used to assess the thermophysical properties of the sample. Hybrid fluid samples of TiO₂ / CuO with a volume fraction of 5.0% showed the best stability and thermal conductivity, then were added to the coolant brand OBC (1:4). The results showed an increase in heat transfer rate of 23% and a heat transfer coefficient of 20% in the TiO₂/CuO hybrid fluid added to the coolant OBC